Case Study – ERP

⭐ ERP + Generative AI + BI — Project Case Study

URL: erp.LinhTruong.com

🚀 Overview

This project is a unified ERP + Generative AI + Business Intelligence platform that centralizes core business operations (orders, inventory, customers, finance), augments workflows with AI copilots, and exposes real‑time analytics through interactive dashboards.

It’s designed as a modular, API‑driven system that can support small to mid‑size businesses needing serious operational visibility without a full SAP/Oracle deployment—while showcasing how LLMs can sit on top of structured ERP data to power natural‑language insights and automation.


👨‍💻 My Role

  • Architecture:
    Overall platform design (ERP modules, AI layer, BI layer, data warehouse)
  • Backend:
    Services for orders, inventory, customers, invoices, and reporting
  • Data & BI:
    ETL/ELT pipelines, warehouse schema, metrics modeling, dashboards
  • AI/ML:
    Generative AI layer for natural‑language queries, summaries, and copilots
  • Frontend:
    Admin UI, operational dashboards, analytics views
  • DevOps:
    Containerization, deployment, environment configuration, monitoring

🧩 Problem & Constraints

The platform aims to solve a common mid‑market problem:

  • Data is fragmented across tools (spreadsheets, SaaS apps, ad‑hoc reports)
  • Leaders can’t get real‑time, trustworthy views of operations
  • Existing ERPs are either too heavy, too rigid, or too expensive
  • BI is often an afterthought, not integrated into daily workflows
  • AI is bolted on as a gimmick instead of being grounded in ERP data

Constraints:

  • Must model core ERP domains (orders, inventory, customers, invoices)
  • Must provide clean, queryable data for BI and AI
  • Must support natural‑language questions like “What were last month’s top customers by revenue?”
  • Must be modular enough to extend with new modules and reports

🏗️ 1. System Architecture Diagram

┌───────────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────┐
│           Frontend            │        API Gateway Layer       │       BI Dashboards            │
│ (ERP UI + Analytics UI)       │ (Auth, Routing, Throttles)     │ (KPIs, Charts, Tables)         │
└───────────────┬───────────────┴───────────────┬───────────────┴───────────────┬───────────────┘
                │                               │                               │
                ▼                               ▼                               ▼
        ┌──────────────────────────┐     ┌──────────────────────────┐     ┌──────────────────────────┐
        │   ERP Services           │     │   Data Pipeline / ETL    │     │   Data Warehouse / DB     │
        │ (Orders, Inventory,      │     │ (Ingest, Transform)      │     │ (Star/Snowflake Schemas) │
        │  Customers, Invoices)    │     └───────────────┬──────────┘     └───────────────┬──────────┘
        └───────────────┬──────────┘                     │                               │
                        │                               ▼                               │
                        └───────────────┬──────────┐ ┌──────────────────────────┐       │
                                        ▼          │ │   Metrics / Semantic Layer│       │
                              ┌──────────────────┐ │ │ (Business Metrics, Models)│       │
                              │   AI Query Layer │─┘ └──────────────────────────┘       │
                              │ (NL → SQL/Logic) │                                     │
                              └─────────┬────────┘                                     │
                                        ▼                                              ▼
                              ┌──────────────────────────┐                   ┌──────────────────────────┐
                              │   LLM Layer              │                   │   BI Engine              │
                              │ (Summaries, Copilots)    │                   │ (Dashboards, Reports)    │
                              └──────────────────────────┘                   └──────────────────────────┘

🔄 2. Data Flow Diagram

┌──────────────────────────┐
│ 1. ERP Operations        │
│ (Orders, Inventory, etc.)│
└───────────────┬──────────┘
                ▼
┌──────────────────────────┐
│ 2. ERP Services Persist  │
│    to Operational DB     │
└───────────────┬──────────┘
                ▼
┌──────────────────────────┐
│ 3. ETL/ELT Pipelines     │
│    Extract & Transform   │
└───────────────┬──────────┘
                ▼
┌──────────────────────────┐
│ 4. Data Warehouse        │
│    (Modeled Tables)      │
└───────────────┬──────────┘
                ▼
┌──────────────────────────┐
│ 5. Metrics / Semantic    │
│    Layer (KPIs, Logic)   │
└───────────────┬──────────┘
                ▼
┌──────────────────────────┐
│ 6. BI Engine             │
│    (Dashboards, Reports) │
└───────────────┬──────────┘
                ▼
┌──────────────────────────┐
│ 7. AI Query Layer        │
│    (NL → Queries)        │
└───────────────┬──────────┘
                ▼
┌──────────────────────────┐
│ 8. LLM Summaries &       │
│    Explanations          │
└──────────────────────────┘

🔁 3. Workflow Diagram (AI‑Augmented Analytics)

┌──────────────────────────┐
│ 1. User Opens ERP/BI UI  │
└───────────────┬──────────┘
                ▼
┌──────────────────────────┐
│ 2. User Asks Question    │
│ (e.g., “Top customers…”) │
└───────────────┬──────────┘
                ▼
┌──────────────────────────┐
│ 3. AI Query Layer Parses │
│    Intent & Entities     │
└───────────────┬──────────┘
                ▼
┌──────────────────────────┐
│ 4. Generate Query Against│
│    Metrics/Warehouse     │
└───────────────┬──────────┘
                ▼
┌──────────────────────────┐
│ 5. BI Engine Executes    │
│    & Returns Data        │
└───────────────┬──────────┘
                ▼
┌──────────────────────────┐
│ 6. LLM Layer Summarizes  │
│    & Explains Results    │
└───────────────┬──────────┘
                ▼
┌──────────────────────────┐
│ 7. UI Shows Charts +     │
│    Narrative Insight     │
└──────────────────────────┘

🤖 4. “ERP + AI + BI” Coordination Diagram

┌──────────────────────────┐
│      ERP Core Services   │
│ (Orders, Inventory, etc.)│
└───────────────┬──────────┘
                │
                ▼
┌──────────────────────────┐
│   Data Warehouse         │
│ (Clean, Modeled Data)    │
└───────────────┬──────────┘
                │
        ┌───────┴───────────────────────────────┐
        ▼                                       ▼
┌──────────────────────────┐           ┌──────────────────────────┐
│ Metrics / Semantic Layer │           │   AI Query Layer         │
│ (Business KPIs, Logic)   │           │ (NL → Metric Queries)    │
└───────────────┬──────────┘           └───────────────┬──────────┘
                │                                      │
                ▼                                      ▼
        ┌──────────────────────────┐           ┌──────────────────────────┐
        │   BI Engine              │           │   LLM Layer              │
        │ (Dashboards, Reports)    │           │ (Summaries, Copilots)    │
        └───────────────┬──────────┘           └───────────────┬──────────┘
                        │                                      │
                        └───────────────┬──────────────────────┘
                                        ▼
                              ┌──────────────────────────┐
                              │   Unified ERP+AI UI      │
                              │ (Charts + Narratives)    │
                              └──────────────────────────┘

🎨 UX & Design Rationale

  • Single pane of glass
    : operations + analytics + AI in one interface
  • Metric‑first design
    : KPIs and trends are primary, tables secondary
  • Natural‑language entry point
    : users can type questions instead of hunting for reports
  • Side‑by‑side charts + narrative
    : visual plus explanation for decision‑makers
  • Consistent information hierarchy
    : company‑level → segment‑level → record‑level drill‑downs

🔬 Technical Deep Dive

ERP Services

  • Modular services for:
    • Orders (status, amounts, customers)
    • Inventory (stock levels, locations)
    • Customers (segments, lifetime value)
    • Invoices/Payments (AR, aging)
  • REST/JSON APIs with authentication and validation

Data Pipeline & Warehouse

  • Periodic or near‑real‑time sync from ERP DB to warehouse
  • Modeled schemas (fact tables + dimensions) for:
    • Orders, customers, products, inventory, invoices
  • Designed for BI friendliness (star/snowflake patterns)

Metrics / Semantic Layer

  • Defines business metrics like:
    • MRR, revenue, AR aging, inventory turnover, top customers
  • Encodes logic so both BI and AI layers use the same definitions

AI Query Layer

  • Maps natural‑language questions to:
    • Metrics
    • Dimensions (time, region, customer segment)
  • Generates safe, constrained queries against the metrics layer
  • Prevents free‑form SQL injection or hallucinated tables

LLM Layer

  • Takes structured query results and:
    • Summarizes trends
    • Highlights anomalies
    • Suggests follow‑up questions
  • Always grounded in actual BI data, not synthetic numbers

📈 Results & Impact

  • Turns ERP from a data entry system into a decision‑support platform
  • Gives leaders real‑time visibility into revenue, operations, and risk
  • Reduces dependency on ad‑hoc spreadsheet reporting
  • Demonstrates how Generative AI + BI + ERP can work together coherently
  • Provides a strong, enterprise‑grade anchor project in your portfolio

🔗 Live Demo

erp.LinhTruong.com